US HistoryQ&A by dot point

Topic 1.7 Causation in Period 1: applying the historical reasoning skill of causation to the causes and effects of contact between Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans.

Topic 1.4 Columbian Exchange, Spanish Exploration, and Conquest: the transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and people across the Atlantic and the demographic and economic transformations it produced.

Topic 1.1 Contextualizing Period 1: the diversity of pre-contact societies in the Americas and the European motives, technology, and conditions that drove transatlantic exploration after 1491.

Topic 1.6 Cultural Interactions Between Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans: the exchange and clash of ideas, religions, and worldviews, and the debates over Native and African humanity.

Topic 1.3 European Exploration in the Americas: the economic, political, and religious motives and the technological conditions that drove European, especially Spanish and Portuguese, exploration of the Americas.

Topic 1.5 Labor, Slavery, and Caste in the Spanish Colonial System: the encomienda, the use of Native and enslaved African labor, and the racial caste system the Spanish developed.

Topic 1.2 Native American Societies Before European Contact: how environment and the spread of maize shaped distinct and increasingly complex Native societies across North America.

Topic 2.7 Colonial Society and Culture: the development of self-government, the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, and an emerging Anglo-American identity in the British colonies.

Topic 2.8 Comparison in Period 2: applying the historical reasoning skill of comparison to the differing European colonizing patterns and the distinct British colonial regions.

Topic 2.1 Contextualizing Period 2: the imperial competition, differing colonial goals, and Atlantic context that framed the founding of European colonies in North America.

Topic 2.2 European Colonization: the differing colonizing patterns, economic goals, and Native relations of the Spanish, French, Dutch, and British empires in North America.

Topic 2.5 Interactions Between American Indians and Europeans: the trade, alliances, conflicts, and resistance that defined relations between Native peoples and colonists across the regions.

Topic 2.6 Slavery in the British Colonies: the shift from indentured servitude to racial chattel slavery, the legal codification of slavery, regional differences, and enslaved resistance.

Topic 2.3 The Regions of British Colonies: how the New England, Middle, Chesapeake, and Southern colonies developed distinct economies, societies, and labor systems.

Topic 2.4 Transatlantic Trade: the Atlantic economy, mercantilism and the Navigation Acts, the triangular trade, and the development of an Atlantic commercial and cultural network.

Topic 3.1 Contextualizing Period 3: the imperial reorganization after the Seven Years' War, the growth of revolutionary ideas, and the founding context that framed independence and the new republic.

Topic 3.13 Continuity and Change in Period 3: applying the historical reasoning skill of continuity and change over time to the transformations and persistences of 1754 to 1800.

Topic 3.11 Developing an American Identity: the emergence of a distinct national identity and culture after independence, including shared political values, national symbols, and tensions of region and faction.

Topic 3.12 Movement in the Early Republic: westward migration after independence, the resulting conflicts with American Indians, and the organization of western territories under the new government.

Topic 3.4 Philosophical Foundations of the American Revolution: the Enlightenment and republican ideas (natural rights, the social contract, consent of the governed) that justified independence, expressed in works such as Common Sense and the Declaration of Independence.

Topic 3.10 Shaping a New Republic: the early federal government under Washington and Adams, Hamilton's financial program, the rise of the first party system, and foreign-policy challenges in the 1790s.

Topic 3.3 Taxation Without Representation: the new British taxes and regulations after 1763 and the escalating colonial resistance, from the Stamp Act to the Coercive Acts and the First Continental Congress.

Topic 3.5 The American Revolution: the course and outcome of the War of Independence, including the Declaration, key turning points such as Saratoga, the French alliance, Yorktown, and the Treaty of Paris of 1783.

Topic 3.7 The Articles of Confederation: the first national government, its powers and weaknesses, its achievements (the Northwest Ordinance), and the crises (such as Shays' Rebellion) that prompted calls for a stronger government.

Topic 3.9 The Constitution: the structure of the new federal government, including federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and the Bill of Rights, and how it remedied the Articles' weaknesses.

Topic 3.8 The Constitutional Convention and Debates over Ratification: the 1787 convention, its great compromises, and the Federalist and Anti-Federalist debate over ratifying the Constitution.

Topic 3.6 The Influence of Revolutionary Ideals: how the ideals of liberty and equality reshaped American society (republican motherhood, gradual emancipation in the North, debates over slavery) and inspired movements beyond the United States.

Topic 3.2 The Seven Years' War: the causes, course, and consequences of the war (the French and Indian War), including British victory, war debt, the Proclamation of 1763, and the end of salutary neglect.

Topic 4.12 African Americans in the Early Republic: the experiences of free and enslaved African Americans, including the expansion of slavery, free Black communities, and forms of resistance.

Topic 4.4 America on the World Stage: the foreign-policy assertions of the early republic, including the War of 1812's diplomatic results and the Monroe Doctrine.

Topic 4.11 An Age of Reform: the major reform movements of the antebellum era, including temperance, abolition, women's rights, education, and utopian and other reforms.

Topic 4.1 Contextualizing Period 4: the expansion of democracy, the market revolution, westward growth, and reform that framed the United States between 1800 and 1848.

Topic 4.14 Continuity and Change in Period 4: applying the historical reasoning skill of continuity and change over time to the transformations and persistences of 1800 to 1848.

Topic 4.7 Expanding Democracy: the expansion of white male suffrage, rising political participation, and the rise of the second party system between 1815 and 1840.

Topic 4.8 Jackson and Federal Power: the major conflicts of Jackson's presidency, including the nullification crisis, the Bank War, and Indian removal.

Topic 4.3 Politics and Regional Interests: the growth of sectional interests and their effect on national politics, including the War of 1812, the Era of Good Feelings, the American System, and the Missouri Compromise.

Topic 4.9 The Development of an American Culture: the emergence of a distinct American culture, including Romanticism, transcendentalism, and a national literature and art.

Topic 4.5 Market Revolution: Industrialization: the transportation, technological, and industrial changes that created a national market economy in the early nineteenth century.

Topic 4.6 Market Revolution: Society and Culture: the social and cultural effects of the market revolution, including urbanization, immigration, the changing family and gender roles, and a growing middle class.

Topic 4.2 The Rise of Political Parties and the Era of Jefferson: the peaceful transfer of power in 1800, Jefferson's presidency, the Louisiana Purchase, and Marbury v. Madison and judicial review.

Topic 4.10 The Second Great Awakening: the religious revival of the early nineteenth century, its democratic and emotional character, and its role in inspiring social reform.

Topic 4.13 The Society of the South in the Early Republic: the distinctive society of the cotton South, its hierarchy and economy, and the growing defense of slavery.

Topic 5.1 Contextualizing Period 5: the expansionist, demographic, and sectional context that drove the United States toward civil war and Reconstruction between 1844 and 1877.

Topic 5.2 Manifest Destiny: the ideology of continental expansion, its cultural and economic roots, and the territorial gains and conflicts it produced.

Topic 5.3 The Mexican-American War: the causes, course, and consequences of the war with Mexico, including the Mexican Cession and the reopening of the slavery debate.

Topic 6.1 Contextualizing Period 6: the industrial, demographic, and political forces that reshaped the United States during the Gilded Age between 1865 and 1898.

Topic 6.14 Continuity and Change in Period 6: using the historical reasoning skill of continuity and change over time to analyze the transformations of the Gilded Age.

Topics 6.8 and 6.9 Immigration, Urbanization, and Responses: the new immigration, the growth of cities, the rise of a middle class, and the nativist reaction between 1865 and 1898.

Topic 6.7 Labor in the Gilded Age: working conditions, the rise of labor unions, the great strikes, and the obstacles that limited the labor movement between 1865 and 1898.

Topics 6.11 to 6.13 Reform, the Role of Government, and Politics: Gilded Age party politics, debates over the role of government, the agrarian revolt, and the rise and fall of Populism between 1865 and 1898.

Topics 6.5 and 6.6 Technological Innovation and the Rise of Industrial Capitalism: the new technologies, business structures, and ideologies that drove the United States to global industrial leadership between 1865 and 1898.

Topics 6.2 and 6.3 Westward Expansion: the economic, social, and cultural development of the West, federal land policy, and the dispossession of American Indians between 1865 and 1898.

Topic 7.15 Comparison in Period 7: using the historical reasoning skill of comparison to analyze the developments of the emergence of modern America.

Topic 7.1 Contextualizing Period 7: the reform, economic, technological, and global forces that made the United States a modern industrial world power between 1890 and 1945.

Topics 7.2 and 7.3 Imperialism and the Spanish-American War: the causes of American overseas expansion, the war of 1898, the debate over empire, and the new global role of the United States.

Topics 7.7 and 7.8 The 1920s, Innovations and Cultural Conflict: the consumer and mass culture of the decade and the cultural and political controversies it provoked.

Topics 7.9 and 7.10 The Great Depression and the New Deal: the causes and effects of the economic collapse and the New Deal's expansion of federal power in response.

Topic 7.4 The Progressives: the goals, methods, and achievements of the Progressive reform movement, including the muckrakers, the reform presidents, and the Progressive constitutional amendments.

Topics 7.5 and 7.6 World War I, Military, Diplomatic, and Home Front: the reasons for United States entry, the war effort, the fight over the peace, and the war's effects on American society.

Topics 7.12 to 7.14 World War II, Mobilization, Military, and Home Front: the path from isolationism to war, total mobilization, the military effort, and the war's effects on American society.

Topic 8.1 Contextualizing Period 8: the Cold War, postwar prosperity, the civil rights movement, and the liberal and conservative currents that shaped the United States between 1945 and 1980.

Topic 8.15 Continuity and Change in Period 8: using the historical reasoning skill of continuity and change over time to analyze the postwar era.

Topics 8.6 and 8.10 The Civil Rights Movement: the campaigns, leaders, and landmark victories of the African American struggle against segregation, and its limits and later turn toward Black Power.

Topic 8.2 The Cold War from 1945 to 1980: the origins of the Cold War, the policy of containment, and the major confrontations of the superpower rivalry.

Topic 8.9 The Great Society: Lyndon Johnson's liberal reform program, its expansion of the federal government, and the conservative reaction it provoked.

Topic 8.3 The Red Scare: the wave of anticommunist fear after World War II, the rise and fall of McCarthyism, and its effects on civil liberties and politics.

Topics 8.11 to 8.14 The Social and Cultural Movements: the wave of rights and reform movements of the 1960s and 1970s, the youth counterculture, environmentalism, and the political turn of the 1970s.

Topic 8.8 The Vietnam War: the reasons for American involvement, the course of the war, the antiwar movement, and the war's effects on American society and foreign policy.

Topics 9.4 and 9.5 A Changing Economy, Migration, and Settlement: the forces of globalization, the digital revolution, and the new immigration that reshaped the United States since 1980.

Topic 9.7 Causation in Period 9: using the historical reasoning skill of causation to analyze the developments of the contemporary era.

Topic 9.1 Contextualizing Period 9: the conservative resurgence, the end of the Cold War, globalization, and the technological and demographic changes that have shaped the United States since 1980.

Topic 9.2 Reagan and Conservatism: the rise of the New Right, the policies of the Reagan administration, and the conservative reshaping of American politics.

Topic 9.3 The End of the Cold War: the renewed Cold War of the 1980s, the role of Gorbachev's reforms, the fall of communism in Europe, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Topic 9.6 Challenges of the 21st Century: the post-Cold War world, the September 11 attacks and the War on Terror, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, the financial crisis, and growing political polarization.