BiologyQ&A by dot point

Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration (NGSSS SC.912.L.18.8; Reporting Category 1, Molecular and Cellular Biology).

Explain the role of enzymes as catalysts that lower the activation energy of biochemical reactions, and identify factors such as pH and temperature that affect enzyme activity (NGSSS SC.912.L.18.11; Reporting Category 1, Molecular and Cellular Biology).

Describe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four major categories of biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids (NGSSS SC.912.L.18.1; Reporting Category 1, Molecular and Cellular Biology).

Explain the interrelated nature of photosynthesis and cellular respiration (NGSSS SC.912.L.18.9; Reporting Category 1, Molecular and Cellular Biology).

Identify the reactants, products, and basic functions of photosynthesis (NGSSS SC.912.L.18.7; Reporting Category 1, Molecular and Cellular Biology).

Discuss the properties of water that contribute to Earth's suitability as an environment for life (NGSSS SC.912.L.18.12; Reporting Category 1, Molecular and Cellular Biology).

Discuss the distinguishing characteristics of the domains and kingdoms of living organisms, and explain how and why organisms are hierarchically classified by evolutionary relationships (NGSSS SC.912.L.15.6 and SC.912.L.15.4; Reporting Category 2, Classification, Heredity, and Evolution).

Explain how the scientific theory of evolution is supported by the fossil record, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, biogeography, molecular biology, and observed evolutionary change (NGSSS SC.912.L.15.1; Reporting Category 2, Classification, Heredity, and Evolution).

Discuss mechanisms of evolutionary change other than natural selection, including genetic drift, gene flow, non-random mating, and mutation (NGSSS SC.912.L.15.14; Reporting Category 2, Classification, Heredity, and Evolution).

Describe how mutation and genetic recombination increase genetic variation, and the possible effects of mutations (NGSSS SC.912.L.15.15; Reporting Category 2, Classification, Heredity, and Evolution).

Describe the conditions required for natural selection, including overproduction of offspring, inherited variation, and the struggle to survive, that result in differential reproductive success (NGSSS SC.912.L.15.13; Reporting Category 2, Classification, Heredity, and Evolution).

Evaluate the impact of biotechnology on the individual, society, and the environment, including medical and ethical issues (NGSSS SC.912.L.16.10; Reporting Category 2, Classification, Heredity, and Evolution).

Describe the structure of DNA and the basic process of DNA replication, and how it relates to the transmission and conservation of genetic information (NGSSS SC.912.L.16.3; Reporting Category 1, Molecular and Cellular Biology).

Describe the process of meiosis and explain how it results in genetic variation in gametes (NGSSS SC.912.L.16.4; Reporting Category 2, Classification, Heredity, and Evolution).

Use Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment, with Punnett squares, to analyze patterns of inheritance and predict the genotype and phenotype ratios of monohybrid crosses (NGSSS SC.912.L.16.1; Reporting Category 2, Classification, Heredity, and Evolution).

Discuss observed inheritance patterns caused by various modes of inheritance, including dominant, recessive, codominant, incomplete dominance, sex-linked, polygenic, and multiple alleles (NGSSS SC.912.L.16.2; Reporting Category 2, Classification, Heredity, and Evolution).

Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation and how they result in the expression of genes, including the universal nature of the genetic code (NGSSS SC.912.L.16.5 and SC.912.L.16.9; Reporting Category 1, Molecular and Cellular Biology).

Relate structure to function for the components of plant and animal cells, including the major organelles (NGSSS SC.912.L.14.2; Reporting Category 1, Molecular and Cellular Biology).

Describe the scientific theory of cells (cell theory) and relate the history of its discovery to the process of science (NGSSS SC.912.L.14.1; Reporting Category 1, Molecular and Cellular Biology).

Compare and contrast the general structures of plant and animal cells and of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (NGSSS SC.912.L.14.3; Reporting Category 1, Molecular and Cellular Biology).

Compare and contrast the structure and function of major types of microscopes, and apply magnification to interpret cell images (NGSSS SC.912.L.14.4; Reporting Category 1, Molecular and Cellular Biology).

Explain the cell cycle and mitosis, and the relationship between mutation, the cell cycle, and uncontrolled cell growth that can result in cancer (NGSSS SC.912.L.16.5; Reporting Category 1, Molecular and Cellular Biology).

Explain the role of the cell membrane as a highly selective barrier through passive transport (diffusion and osmosis) and active transport (NGSSS SC.912.L.14.2; Reporting Category 1, Molecular and Cellular Biology).

Explain how organisms maintain homeostasis through feedback mechanisms, and how body systems work together to keep internal conditions stable (NGSSS Reporting Category 3, Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems).

Relate the structure of plant organs and tissues to their function, including transport, support, reproduction, and photosynthesis (NGSSS SC.912.L.14.7; Reporting Category 3, Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems).

Describe the structure and function of the cardiovascular system and the factors affecting blood flow through it (NGSSS SC.912.L.14.36; Reporting Category 3, Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems).

Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune responses, vaccines, and antibiotics (NGSSS SC.912.L.14.52; Reporting Category 3, Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems).

Describe the structure and function of the nervous system, including the major parts of the brain, and its role in responding to stimuli and maintaining homeostasis (NGSSS SC.912.L.14.26; Reporting Category 3, Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems).

Recognize the consequences of the loss of biodiversity, and predict the impact of human activities on ecosystems and the need for sustainability (NGSSS SC.912.L.17.8 and SC.912.L.17.20; Reporting Category 3, Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems).

Compare and contrast the characteristics of major biomes, describe what determines the distribution of life in aquatic systems, and explain ecological succession (NGSSS SC.912.L.17.6, SC.912.L.17.2, and SC.912.L.17.4; Reporting Category 3, Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems).

Explain how matter cycles through ecosystems, including the carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles, and the roles organisms play in them (NGSSS SC.912.L.17; Reporting Category 3, Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems).

Use a food web to identify producers, consumers, and decomposers, and explain the transfer of energy through trophic levels and the reduction of available energy at each level (NGSSS SC.912.L.17.9; Reporting Category 3, Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems).

Analyze how population size is determined by births, deaths, immigration, and emigration, and how limiting factors (biotic and abiotic) determine the carrying capacity of an environment (NGSSS SC.912.L.17.5; Reporting Category 3, Organisms, Populations, and Ecosystems).