New York · NYSEDQ&A
ChemistryQ&A by dot point
A short Q&A bank for every New York Chemistry syllabus dot point. Each question and answer is drawn directly from our worked dot-point page, so you can scan key concepts before opening the long-form answer.
Atomic Concepts and the Periodic Table
- Electron configuration and energy levels: write Regents electron configurations, distinguish ground state from excited state, and explain how electrons absorb and emit specific amounts of energy as photons.2Q&A pairs
- Ions and nuclide notation: explain how positive and negative ions form by losing or gaining electrons, and interpret nuclide symbols to count protons, neutrons and electrons.2Q&A pairs
- Isotopes and average atomic mass: define isotopes, and calculate the weighted average atomic mass of an element from the masses and natural abundances of its isotopes.2Q&A pairs
- Periodic trends: describe and explain the trends in atomic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity and metallic character across a period and down a group, using Table S where appropriate.2Q&A pairs
- Atomic structure: describe the charge, relative mass and location of protons, neutrons and electrons, and use atomic number and mass number to count the particles in an atom.2Q&A pairs
- The periodic table and its organization: explain periods, groups and the periodic law, and classify elements as metals, nonmetals or metalloids using position and physical properties.2Q&A pairs
Chemical Bonding
- Electronegativity and bond polarity: use electronegativity differences from Table S to classify bonds as ionic, polar covalent or nonpolar covalent.2Q&A pairs
- Intermolecular forces: describe hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces and weak dispersion forces, and use them to explain trends in boiling point and the properties of water.2Q&A pairs
- Lewis structures and molecular polarity: draw Lewis electron-dot diagrams for simple atoms, ions and molecules, and decide whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar from its bonds and shape.2Q&A pairs
- Properties of ionic, molecular and metallic substances: relate melting point, electrical conductivity, hardness and solubility to the type of bonding and structure.2Q&A pairs
- Types of chemical bonds: distinguish ionic, covalent and metallic bonding in terms of electron transfer or sharing, and relate bond type to the elements involved.2Q&A pairs
Kinetics, Equilibrium, Acids and Bases
- Acids, bases and the pH scale: identify Arrhenius acids and bases, interpret the pH scale, and relate a change in pH to a change in hydrogen ion concentration.2Q&A pairs
- Equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle: describe dynamic equilibrium and predict the shift in a system when concentration, temperature or pressure is changed.5Q&A pairs
- Neutralization and salts: write neutralization reactions of an acid with a base to form a salt and water, and identify the salt produced.2Q&A pairs
- Potential energy diagrams: interpret potential energy diagrams to identify activation energy, the activated complex and the heat of reaction, and show how a catalyst changes the diagram.2Q&A pairs
- Reaction rates and collision theory: use collision theory to explain how concentration, temperature, surface area and a catalyst affect the rate of a reaction.2Q&A pairs
- Titration: use titration data and the Table T titration relationship to calculate the unknown concentration of an acid or base.2Q&A pairs
Physical Behavior of Matter
- Concentration and molarity: calculate molarity, parts per million and percent by mass using the concentration formulas on Table T.2Q&A pairs
- Heat and calorimetry: calculate heat changes using q = mC(delta-T) for temperature changes and q = mH for phase changes, with constants from Table B and formulas from Table T.2Q&A pairs
- Heating and cooling curves: interpret heating and cooling curves, distinguishing changes in kinetic energy from changes in potential energy during phase changes.2Q&A pairs
- Solutions and solubility curves: classify solutions as unsaturated, saturated or supersaturated, and use the Table G solubility curves to determine how much solute dissolves at a given temperature.2Q&A pairs
- States of matter and kinetic molecular theory: describe the particle arrangement and energy in solids, liquids and gases, and state the assumptions of the kinetic molecular theory of an ideal gas.2Q&A pairs
- The gas laws: use the combined gas law to relate the pressure, volume and Kelvin temperature of a fixed mass of gas, with STP from Table A.2Q&A pairs
Redox, Organic and Nuclear Chemistry
- Electrochemical cells: distinguish voltaic from electrolytic cells, and identify the anode, cathode and direction of electron flow in each.2Q&A pairs
- Half-reactions and balancing redox: write oxidation and reduction half-reactions showing electron transfer, and balance them so that electrons lost equal electrons gained.3Q&A pairs
- Nuclear chemistry: identify alpha, beta, positron and gamma radiation, balance nuclear equations, and use half-life with the Table T relationship and Table O data.2Q&A pairs
- Organic chemistry and hydrocarbons: classify alkanes, alkenes and alkynes using their general formulas, and name simple hydrocarbons using Table P and Table Q.2Q&A pairs
- Organic reactions and functional groups: identify organic classes from their functional groups using Table R, and recognize the main organic reactions such as combustion, substitution, addition, esterification and polymerization.2Q&A pairs
- Oxidation numbers and redox reactions: assign oxidation numbers using the standard rules, and identify oxidation, reduction, and the oxidizing and reducing agents in a reaction.2Q&A pairs
The Mole and Stoichiometry
- Balancing equations and conservation of mass: balance chemical equations by adjusting coefficients so atoms and charge are conserved, and interpret the coefficients as mole ratios.3Q&A pairs
- Chemical formulas and percent composition: write formulas for ionic and molecular compounds using oxidation numbers and Table E, and calculate percent composition by mass using Table T.3Q&A pairs
- Stoichiometric calculations: use mole ratios from a balanced equation to convert between moles and masses of reactants and products.2Q&A pairs
- The mole and molar mass: use the mole and gram-formula mass to convert between the mass of a substance, the number of moles, and the number of particles.2Q&A pairs
- Types of chemical reactions: classify reactions as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, double replacement or combustion, and use Table J and Table F to predict whether a reaction occurs.2Q&A pairs