Biology study guides

A deep-dive guide to the ecology half of the Virginia Biology SOL Reporting Category 4, standard BIO.8: energy flow through trophic levels and the ten percent rule, the carbon, nitrogen, and water cycles, ecological succession, population dynamics and carrying capacity, and human impact on Virginia ecosystems such as the Chesapeake Bay, with the graphs and cause-and-effect chains the EOC repeats.

A deep-dive guide to the evolution and classification part of the Virginia Biology SOL Reporting Category 4: the evidence for evolution, natural selection and adaptation, how speciation happens through geographic and reproductive isolation, and how organisms are classified into domains and kingdoms and placed on phylogenetic trees, with the patterns the EOC repeats for BIO.6 and BIO.7.

A deep-dive guide to Module 1 of the Virginia Biology SOL: experimental design and variables, data tables and graphs, drawing valid conclusions, and using models, with the scientific-investigation skills the EOC weaves through every reporting category.

A deep-dive guide to Module 2 of the Virginia Biology SOL: the chemistry of water, the four macromolecules, enzymes and activation energy, and the connected processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, with the energy and matter ideas the EOC tests.

A deep-dive guide to Module 3 of the Virginia Biology SOL: cell theory and types of cells, the organelles and their functions, the selectively permeable membrane and transport, the cell cycle and mitosis with its link to cancer, and meiosis and genetic variation.

A deep-dive guide to Module 4 of the Virginia Biology SOL: viruses and their host dependence, bacterial structure and roles, the germ theory of infectious disease, and the immune system, with the contrasts and graphs the EOC tests.

A deep-dive guide to Module 5 of the Virginia Biology SOL: DNA structure and replication, protein synthesis, Mendelian genetics and Punnett squares, patterns of inheritance, mutations and genetic variation, and biotechnology, with the calculations and cluster patterns the EOC repeats.