NY Regents Life Science: Biology Module 3 genetics overview quiz quiz

A with T, G with C

A with C, G with T

A with G, T with C

A with U, G with C

A-T-G-C-C-A

T-A-C-G-G-T

T-A-G-C-C-T

U-A-C-G-G-U

Only one strand carries information

Each base pairs with only one partner, so each strand templates an exact copy

Replication does not use the existing strands

The bases pair randomly

A-T-G-C-C-T

T-A-C-G-G-A

A-U-G-C-C-U

U-A-C-G-G-U

The cell wall

The mitochondrion

The nucleus

The ribosome

Four bases, specifying one nucleotide

One base, specifying one gene

Three bases, specifying one amino acid

Two bases, specifying one protein

Two genetically identical cells with the same chromosome number

Four genetically varied cells with half the chromosome number

One cell with a random chromosome number

Two genetically varied cells with double the chromosome number

23 chromosomes, by mitosis

46 chromosomes, by mitosis

92 chromosomes, by meiosis

23 chromosomes, by meiosis

Mitosis and DNA replication

Crossing over, independent assortment and the random combination of gametes

Only DNA replication

Only mitosis

To create identical cells

So that fertilization restores the full number rather than doubling it each generation

To make cells smaller

To stop fertilization occurring

1 tall to 1 short

3 tall to 1 short

All short

All tall

Either heterozygous or homozygous recessive

Heterozygous

Homozygous recessive

Homozygous dominant

A change in the DNA base sequence

The copying of DNA before division

The folding of a protein

The joining of two gametes

Genetic engineering uses only existing variation; selective breeding inserts new genes

Selective breeding works in a single generation; genetic engineering takes many generations

They are the same process

Selective breeding chooses organisms with desired traits to breed over generations; genetic engineering directly inserts or alters genes